Depression
When low mood, low energy, or loss of interest lasts and affects daily life.
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Depression is common and treatable. Open one section at a time.
About 2 min read
What it is
Depression, also called major depressive disorder, is more than ordinary sadness. It affects how you feel and think and how you manage daily activities such as sleeping, eating, or working. It can affect anyone, whatever their age, background, or income (NIMH).
Research points to a mix of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It is not a weakness, and it is not laziness.
How it can feel
People describe depression as heaviness, emptiness, or numbness. Things that used to bring joy may feel flat. Thinking can feel slow, and small tasks can feel enormous. Some people feel more irritable or restless than sad, and some feel guilty or worthless without a clear reason.
How to notice it
NIMH lists these common signs:
- A low, anxious, or “empty” mood that does not lift
- Feeling hopeless or pessimistic
- Irritability or restlessness
- Feeling guilty, worthless, or helpless
- Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities
- Tiredness or low energy
- Trouble concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
- Sleeping too little or too much, or waking very early
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Aches, headaches, or digestive problems without a clear cause
- Thoughts of death or suicide
In older adults, sadness is sometimes not the main complaint, so depression can be missed.
What can help
Depression is treatable. NIMH lists medication and talk therapy as main options, and brain stimulation therapies for some people whose depression has not improved with other treatment. Regular sleep, movement, time outside, and connection with others can support recovery, but they are not a replacement for care when symptoms are strong.
When to reach out
Consider seeing a doctor or therapist if you have felt this way most of the day, nearly every day, for two weeks or more, or if it is getting in the way of life. If you have thoughts of death or suicide, please reach out right away. In the United States, call or text 988. Elsewhere, use your local emergency number or findahelpline.com.
Sources
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Depression (publication)
- American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).
Within Your Light provides psychoeducation. This page is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please talk with a licensed professional about your own health. If you are in crisis, call or text 988 in the United States. Elsewhere, contact your local emergency number or find a helpline at findahelpline.com.