Bipolar Disorder
Clear shifts in mood, energy, sleep, and activity that go beyond ordinary ups and downs.
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Bipolar disorder is manageable with the right care. Open one section at a time.
About 2 min read
What it is
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes clear shifts in mood, energy, activity, and concentration. It was once called manic depression. People have periods called manic or hypomanic episodes, when mood is unusually high, irritable, or energized, and periods of depression (NIMH).
Some people also experience psychosis, such as hearing or seeing things others do not, during severe episodes.
How it can feel
During a high, people may feel full of energy, need much less sleep, and have racing thoughts. A milder high (hypomania) may feel good and productive, so the person may not feel that anything is wrong. During a low, people may feel very sad, hopeless, or empty, with very little energy.
How to notice it
Signs of a high: unusually elated or irritable mood, much more energy, less need for sleep, talking fast, jumping between ideas, being easily distracted, and risky or impulsive choices (WHO).
Signs of a low: the signs of depression, such as sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest, low energy, and changes in sleep or appetite.
Family and friends often notice the changes first, such as unusual activity levels or mood swings. A manic episode lasts at least a week (or any length if hospital care is needed), a hypomanic episode at least four days, and a low at least two weeks.
What can help
Bipolar disorder usually needs long-term care, and an effective treatment plan can help people manage symptoms and live well (NIMH). Care often includes medication and talk therapy. Steady routines, regular sleep, and learning your early warning signs also help.
When to reach out
Please see a professional if you notice swings in mood and energy, especially days of very little sleep with high energy, or risky choices. Early care makes a difference. If you have thoughts of suicide, call or text 988 (United States), or use your local emergency number or findahelpline.com.
Sources
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Bipolar Disorder
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Bipolar Disorder (publication)
- World Health Organization. Bipolar disorder (fact sheet)
Within Your Light provides psychoeducation. This page is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please talk with a licensed professional about your own health. If you are in crisis, call or text 988 in the United States. Elsewhere, contact your local emergency number or find a helpline at findahelpline.com.